With the growth in interest in social entrepreneurship, I am often asked about the status of the B Corporation. B Corporations is a designation for a for-profit venture that has a social mission.
Here is the latest from Nonprofit Law Prof Blog:
The B Corp concept (B stands for social benefit) has not yet, so far as
I know, been adopted by any states, but corporations can dedicate
themselves to a socially responsible future by registering with B Lab,
a nonprofit organization, and agreeing to comply with its dictates such
as committing irrevocably to socially responsible business
activities,taking cognizance of stakeholder concerns, and conducting an
annual social benefit audit and report. If the corporation
complies, it receives what in essence a Good Housekeeping Seal of
Approval from B Lab and can describe itself as a B Corp.
So as of now, this is not an alternative legal form of business entity like an S-Corp or LLC. However, there is lobbying going on in Washington to set up a separate tax category or special tax break for B Corporations. If this happens the states will surely follow and recognize this category of business as a new way to charter a corporation.
I think this would be a bad move. Many social entrepreneurs who choose to set up their venture as an S-Corp or LLC and by-pass non-profit status do so to avoid the hassles of setting up and running non-profits. If we turn the government and specifically the IRS loose on a new form of legal business entity called B-corps, they will become part of the morass that makes up the 70,000 pages of IRS code. I would predict that in a few years we might see thousands of new pages of code dedicated just to B-corps.
There’s also an effort at the state level in California to create a new legal form for socially responsible for-profits. I covered some of this ground in BusinessWeek in June: http://bit.ly/1tblaX
My name is Jay Coen Gilbert and am one of the co-founders of B Lab, the nonprofit which certifies B Corporations. I write to clarify a few things about B Corps.
Jeff is correct that today B Corps are not legally recognized by the states. But B Corps today do have different legal characteristics than traditional C corps, S corps, or LLCs which make it attractive to social entrepreneurs and investors.
Certified B Corps (think LEED certification but for a business not just a building), have legally expanded their corporate responsibilities to include consideration of stakeholder interests. By amending their Articles of Incorporation, B Corps have created legal protection for their directors to consider both financial and non-financial interests when making decision, including in a sale. This small innovation makes it possible for mission-driven businesses to raise capital without fear that they will lose mission-control of the business.
John Tozzi from Business Week is correct that legislation inspired by B Corp is being drafted by a California Legal Working Group on a New Corporate Form. The Working Group is led by Susan MacCormack (Morrison Foerster), Todd Johnson (Jones Day), and Derrick Britt (Doty, Barlow). A draft of this legislation is expected to be available for comment by mid October. It includes provisions for companies to declare one or more specific public purposes for which they are willing to be held accountable through increased transparency requirements. These specific purposes can be as general as the B Corp legal framework’s ‘consideration of all stakeholders’ or as specific as keeping the river clean in back of a factory.
With attorney Bill Clark (Drinker Biddle) and others, B Lab is also drafting model legislation which goes a bit further. This model legislation is being taken up in several states for the 2010 sessions. These include CO, VT, and PA. A National Legal Working Group is being formed to improve upon this initial draft and to assist states interested in adopting this new corporate form.
Lastly, while B Lab does seek to advance a variety of tax, investment, and procurement incentives for sustainable business (there is some early activity in Philadelphia to create a small tax break for B Corps and procurement preference for sustainable business), we are not aware of any conversations about lower federal corporate tax rates for B Corps.
We may be wrong, but early indications are that incentives for B Corps, or more broadly for sustainable business, are likely to focus on ‘performance standards’ as much or more than on legal structure. Certified B Corps meet rigorous performance standards by achieving a minimum score on the B Impact Rating System and it is this rating system that is helping investors make high impact investments and governments implement sustainable procurement policies.
I hope this is helpful. Thanks for including B Corp in your discussions.
Thanks for the information and clarification.
Jeff
There is definitely a need to set up a new legal business model, such as the B Corp, that addresses the needs of our contemporary society. B Lab seems to be doing just that and we hope all the work will lead us into a financially fruitful, but just as important, socially and environmentally responsible future.
Very interesting discussion. Any updates? I met some folks from B Labs up in Vancouver at Joel Solomon’s Social Venture Fund gathering. What is the latest on this important category of business?
UPDATE: Five states have now adopted B-Corps as formal legal structures! And there are several more expected to follow suite in the fall of 2011.
http://www.recordonline.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20110628/BIZ/106280326/-1/