Anyone who is a regular reader knows that I am a staunch advocate for free markets and individual liberty. However, building a successful economy and society based on these principles is dependent on a common recognition of the individual moral responsibilities which hold it all together.
As an entrepreneurship professor, I try to challenge our students to understand the moral and ethical responsibilities that they will face as they start and grow their ventures.
Unfortunately, the research of Thomas A. Wright, the Jon Wefald Leadership Chair in Business Administration at Kansas State University, shows a gap between the character traits that business students say make a good business leader and the traits they describe having themselves.
Wright suggests that there is a significant moral decline in higher education, including in schools of business. He said it is critical for students to learn about the importance of character and ethical behavior before entering the workplace.
And when entrepreneurs and other business leaders abdicate their responsibilities to act in ethically and morally government, particularly the more activist, socialist government now in power, will be quick to intervene and use regulatory powers to dictate the behaviors of business leaders.
“As business professors in an increasingly ‘just show me the money’
business school environment, we all share responsibility for this moral
decline,” Wright said.
Wright has found that MBA students list social intelligence as being one of the top two strengths necessary to be an effective manager. However, this strength was among the least common strengths self-reported by these same students.
“Obviously, if the development of character is important, many of our students are entering the workplace woefully lacking in a number of the prerequisites necessary for success,” Wright said.
Many students rated honesty as one of their top five strengths. However, in another study, Wright found that 88 percent of the students reported that they have cheated in school, with many students reporting they had cheated 100 or more times.
“Students report that they lack viable, positive adult role models – individuals who can walk the talk,” Wright said.
Indicative of a morally relativistic perspective, the majority of students sampled said it solely depended on the situation whether a person should lie, cheat or steal, Wright said.
“It’s a common belief that as long as our behavior is seen as being instrumental in our pursuit of personal and material success while not hindering our personal choice preferences, we are willing to accept a modicum of lying, cheating and stealing behavior from both ourselves and our leaders as a cost of doing business,” Wright said. “Alternatively, a character-based leader will not lie, cheat or steal, nor will he or she tolerate those who do.”
He said students who cheat in school are not only more likely to cheat in graduate and professional school, but they also are more likely to engage in unethical business practices. This provides all the more reason for why higher education institutions should include ethical and character development in their pedagogy, Wright said.
Wright is correct. Virtue is a habit. Our behaviors over time are what shape our character. The executives at Enron did not wake up one day and say, “I’m going to lie and cheat our shareholders and employees.” As Mike Naughton and I have argued, their actions were most likely the culmination of a long series of deceitful acts.
“It’s important to help students develop the awareness and skills necessary to make morally based choices through the development of character strengths,” Wright said. “Our collective failure to practice strengths of character, such as perseverance and self control, has led us to the brink of both moral and financial ruin. Massive governmental takeovers are not the answer, but the development of individual character may well be a viable solution. As faculty members, the ethical and strength of character development of our students should be made an integral part of our stated mission in higher education.”
Amen!
I agree that moral judgment it critical to business development and the success of capitalism.
But I don’t think it’s the jobs of the Universities to try to teach moral judgment.
First of all it’s too late; habits have already been formed as noted by the study of how many students have cheated.
Second, the professors are not capable of teaching moral judgment.
And third, this is a larger issue going all the way back to the formation of the family unit and the weakening of our religion heritage.
The strength of the economy begins with teaching basic biblical teaching like the Ten Commandments (don’t lie, cheap or steal), but that teaching has been removed from public schools and fewer Americans attend churches.
A real economic recovery may not start until we have as revival of Christianity in the nation. The academic minds fail to connect the dots of our economic strength to the teachings of Jesus Christ. The growing religions in America today, Humanism and Atheism, both lead to the death of the economy.
I agree that ethical development should be included in higher education, but I also question its current effectiveness.
I was recently a student in a graduate ethics class and each member had to write an ethics case in which our peers would decide the moral outcome. I presented a case that involved one driver “bullying” another driver in an effort to move faster down the road. Surprisingly (or maybe not surprisingly) most people in the class decided this was not a moral issue at all!
Just as it is unlikely for a person to wake up one day and think “I’m going to lie and cheat our shareholders and employees,” it is unlikely that a person who is unethical in their personal/private life will arrive at work with an ethical set of values. So instead of teaching students that they need to be ethical when they become CEO of the next Enron, we need to teach them to be ethical every day and in every way. We need to correctly re-identify what is un-ethical behavior in all aspects of work and life.
I think driving is the perfect example. Driving, unlike anything else I know, is a daily interaction with hundreds of people at a time where human free will runs amuck. From a psychological perspective, the roadway is a smorgasbord of information and observations! As un-applicable as it may seem to some, the roadway is where we can see people at every stage of moral development and even test our own moral development. Given that character is developed over time, sitting behind the wheel is the perfect place for students to “flex their moral muscle.” Unfortunately, it is also a place for people to develop and reinforce poor and unethical habits.
So until both teachers and students acknowledge our everyday ethical short fallings instead of focusing on corporate ethics alone, a student’s ethical development will be unaffected. Ethical development is not created through classroom examples, but through everyday application, i.e. “behind the wheel.”
See Moral Driving IQ at http://www.drdriving.org/articles/principles.htm#RTFToC16.